Early years of photography: Photography is a word derived from the Greek words photos ("light") and graphein ("to draw").
'If the facade of a building, or a place, or a landscape is illuminated by the sun and a small hole is drilled in the wall of a room in a building facing this, which is not directly lighted by the sun, then all objects illuminated by the sun will send their images through this aperture and will appear, upside down, on the wall facing the hole,' Leonardo da Vinci 1502. Camera Obscura meaning 'dark chamber', created by Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham), was an instrument used for image capture in the 16th century. The Camera Obscura consists of a dark room, with almost no light let in apart from the pinhole in the wall. Through a small hole poked in a wall or screen, light is able to pass through and a inverted image is projected of looolwhat is on the other side. The smaller the pinhole, the greater the image quality and sharpness. This later developed into the Camerae Obscurae, the same instrument but with a lens in the opening. This allowed an artist to draw an object or view even more easily in the later half of the 16th century. The Camera Lucida however was created by William Hyde Wollaston in 1807. The device reflects the subject onto a piece of paper, instead of having to draw out the subject as an artist normally would, they can simply sketch over it. This for obvious reasons could be considered far easier than drawing out an object from scratch.
Photograms
Double exposure
By moving around the original items after exposing the paper for half the normal exposure time, the paper can be exposed again as shown in the photogram below. This gives the effect that the shapes have moved and left a shadow of their former selves behind
Pinhole camera
Solarisation
Solarisation also requires the paper to be exposed
SLR Camera Images
SLR (single lens reflex) is a type of camera. SLRs have a significantly higher shutter speeds than point and shoot cameras meaning they can take more images in a smaller amount of time. Most SLRs can take around 2-3 frames per second. This can be very useful for taking photos of people in motion/action. Aperture range- depending on the light intensity the camera user can change the aperture number on their camera. If very bright the number can be increased and the light allowed in decreased. This works as opposite when very dark. Shutter Speed-
Aperture 4.5 vs 29
Picture 1-f/4.5: Everything is in focus
Picture 2-f/29-The mug is still in focus but the objects in the background are now out of focus.
Shutter Camera
Unlike the SLR camera the shutter camera uses film and stores photos physically onto light sensitive paper. Due to this the images taken on the shutter camera as shown below, require much more effort and thought put into each photo as have a limited amount of film and also cant be reviewed immediately afterwards.